{"id":316453,"date":"2024-09-18T15:06:30","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T15:06:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/?p=316453"},"modified":"2024-09-18T15:06:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T15:06:30","slug":"chatbots-are-not-artificial-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/chatbots-are-not-artificial-intelligence","title":{"rendered":"We Should Stop Pretending that Chatbots Are Artificial Intelligence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chatbots are not artificial intelligence \u2014 while a tool such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/34933\/chatgpt\">ChatGPT<\/a> technically uses AI techniques like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/653\/natural-language-processing-nlp\">natural language processing<\/a> (NLP) to function, it cannot be considered a complete AI solution for a simple reason: it doesn&#8217;t think.<\/p>\n<p>Today&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/34948\/large-language-model-llm\">large language models<\/a> (LLMs) are adept at predicting responses to user inputs in a convincing way, but there&#8217;s no cognitive consciousness under the hood. This is part of the reason why even the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/top-10-trustworthy-ai-models\">most trustworthy AI tools<\/a> have a tendency to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/ai-hallucination\">hallucinate<\/a> when you ask them factual questions.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these limitations, many users believe the misconception that these models are capable of thinking, which is a recipe for disaster.<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#dddddd;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<h2><span id=\"key_takeaways\">Key Takeaways<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Chatbots like ChatGPT use AI techniques but cannot think or possess cognitive consciousness.<\/li>\n<li>LLMs (Large Language Models) are &#8216;Stochastic Parrots&#8217; \u2014 able to simulate human responses by predicting text without actual reasoning.<\/li>\n<li>Two-thirds of people (67%) surveyed thought that ChatGPT could experience consciousness.<\/li>\n<li>AI experts emphasize that chatbots only imitate thought without purpose or meaning.<\/li>\n<li>It&#8217;s essential for the AI industry to communicate the limitations of chatbots more clearly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div>\n    <section class=\"toc-sticky w-100 bg-white \">\n        <div class=\"toc-sticky__container container\">\n            <div class=\"toc-sticky__open d-flex align-items-end\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                 aria-controls=\"multiCollapse1\"\n                 data-bs-target=\"#multiCollapse1\">\n                <button\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary collapse-action-btn p-1 rounded-circle\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                >\n                    <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <span id=\"toc-current-title\" class=\"d-flex align-items-center\">\n                    Table of Contents\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"toc-main-title-permanent\">Table of Contents<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div\n                    class=\"collapse my-3\"\n                    id=\"multiCollapse1\"\n            >\n                <ol class=\"StepProgress\">\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item current\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"key_takeaways\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"key_takeaways\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Key Takeaways<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"can_llms_think\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"can_llms_think\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Can LLMs Think?<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"the_stochastic_parrot_the_myth_of_sentient_chatbots\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"the_stochastic_parrot_the_myth_of_sentient_chatbots\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">The Stochastic Parrot: The Myth of Sentient Chatbots<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"the_bottom_line\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"the_bottom_line\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">The Bottom Line<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"faqs\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"faqs\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">FAQs<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"references\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"references\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">References<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div class=\"toc-sticky__container__disperse\"><\/div>\n                <div 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id=\"toc-current-title\" class=\"d-flex align-items-center\">\n                    Table of Contents\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div  class=\"collapse my-3\" id=\"multiCollapse2\">\n                <ol class=\"StepProgress\">\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item current \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"key_takeaways\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"key_takeaways\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">Key Takeaways<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"can_llms_think\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"can_llms_think\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">Can LLMs Think?<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"the_stochastic_parrot_the_myth_of_sentient_chatbots\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"the_stochastic_parrot_the_myth_of_sentient_chatbots\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">The Stochastic Parrot: The Myth of Sentient Chatbots<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <span class=\"show_moretoc\">Show Full Guide<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t                                                      <li class=\"StepProgress-item ms_hidetoc\">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"the_bottom_line\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"the_bottom_line\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">The Bottom Line<\/a>\n                                                       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pageLegend.classList.remove('overflow-auto');\n        pageLegend.style.height = 'auto';\n        window.scrollTo({\n            top: 0,\n            behavior: 'smooth'\n        });\n    }\n\n    const handleScrollToTitle = (id) => {\n        const el = document.getElementById(id);\n        const headerHeightDifference = window.innerWidth < 992 ? -30 : -15;\n        window.scrollTo({\n            top: el.offsetTop - 60 - headerHeightDifference - 10,\n        });\n    }\n<\/script>\n\n<h2><span id=\"can_llms_think\">Can LLMs Think?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the biggest questions surrounding LLMs, from the average person&#8217;s perspective, is whether or not they&#8217;re capable of autonomous thought. To examine this further, Techopedia reached out to a number of AI experts \u2014 who gave us an unequivocal &#8220;No&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thomas Randall, director of AI Market Research at Info-Tech Research Group<\/strong>, told Techopedia:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;LLM chatbots are trained and fine-tuned to be very good at predicting what word\/sentence\/paragraph should follow the previous.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The larger the model, the more data can be drawn on to provide more accurate responses. The larger the computing power, the more parameters can be set to have nuanced weightings in responses.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;There is no &#8220;ghost in the machine&#8221; doing any abstract thinking or deliberation. It is a blind process; LLMs merely simulate human cognition.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Brian Green, director of technology ethics at Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University<\/strong>, also shared a similar assessment of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/34633\/generative-ai\">generative AI<\/a>&#8216;s lack of cognitive capabilities.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Chatbots are not thinking. They are just following a program which statistically associates words to form predictions about what might reasonably come next in a sequence.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In this case, &#8220;reasonably&#8221; is defined by the amount of text the LLM was trained on.<\/p>\n<p>Green also argues that &#8220;from the human side, thinking involves purpose and meaning.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;LLMS can only imitate that, they do not have actual purpose or meaning in any kind of mind which they are trying to express.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span id=\"the_stochastic_parrot_the_myth_of_sentient_chatbots\">The Stochastic Parrot: The Myth of Sentient Chatbots<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It&#8217;s fairly obvious where the misconception arises.<\/p>\n<p>While decades of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/best-ai-movies\">sci-fi films featuring AI<\/a> and centuries of sci-fi fiction will have helped, the ability of AI tools to emulate natural language has to be a large factor. If you ask ChatGPT a question, you&#8217;ll usually get a fairly verbose and reliable answer.<\/p>\n<p>Randall said:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Given the unprecedented amount of data and computing power that LLMs now have, users unfamiliar with how LLMs are set up could be convinced LLMs &#8220;think&#8221; based on the high-quality responses users receive.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I believe a major reason why ChatGPT became popular overnight is because many people wanted to find the limits of when they could &#8220;break&#8221; the machine and show it doesn&#8217;t pass the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/200\/turing-test\">Turing test<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>This natural language prowess was enough to build a wave of hype surrounding generative AI following ChatGPT&#8217;s initial release in November 2022. It&#8217;s worth noting that the release came just months after a Google software engineer claimed that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2022\/jul\/23\/google-fires-software-engineer-who-claims-ai-chatbot-is-sentient\" target=\"_blank\">tech giant&#8217;s chatbot Lambda had become self-aware<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>How many people think that LLMS can think? According to a <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nc\/article\/2024\/1\/niae013\/7644104?\" target=\"_blank\">study<\/a> conducted by the University of Waterloo, which surveyed 300 people, <strong>two-thirds of people (67%) surveyed thought that ChatGPT could experience consciousness<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>No, chatbots are &#8220;<strong>Stochastic Parrots<\/strong>&#8221; \u2014 able to generate plausible dialogue without understanding what they are saying.<\/p>\n<p>While this is just a single survey, it&#8217;s interesting that so many people thought that a limited chatbot could think.<\/p>\n<p>This begs the question of whether this misconception has also influenced enterprise decision-makers to invest in the technology and contributed to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/ai-startups-are-struggling-financially\">potential overvaluation of generative AI<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"the_bottom_line\">The Bottom Line<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>LLM-powered chatbots are useful tools, but it&#8217;s time to stop pretending that they are sentient artificial intelligence. Above all, the AI industry needs to do a more effective job of communicating this technology&#8217;s limitations to those outside the world of machine learning.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"faqs\">FAQs<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"man_faq_sec\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\"><\/time><section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">Can AI think for itself?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Not in the current world. \u2014 chatbots like ChatGPT cannot think. They predict responses based on patterns in data but lack cognitive consciousness.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">Are chatbots considered artificial intelligence?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Chatbots use AI techniques like NLP but aren&#8217;t considered sentient AI. They simulate responses without actual reasoning.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">Why do people believe chatbots are sentient?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">People may mistake chatbots for sentient beings due to their ability to mimic natural language convincingly.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">How do chatbots generate responses?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Chatbots generate responses by predicting text based on the data they were trained on, without any purpose or meaning behind them.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"ms_faq ms_card \" ><div itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><div class=\"accordionButton\"><h3 itemprop=\"name\">What are the limitations of chatbots?<\/h3> <\/div>\n<div class=\"accordionContent\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\" style=\"display:none;\"><p itemprop=\"text\">Chatbots can&#8217;t think or reason and often generate inaccurate or &#8220;hallucinated&#8221; answers, highlighting the limits of current AI technology.<\/p>\r\n                <\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<div class=\"reference-content\">\n<div class=\"reference-heading reference-content-collapsible-heading\">\n<h2><span id=\"references\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"reference-content-body\">\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2022\/jul\/23\/google-fires-software-engineer-who-claims-ai-chatbot-is-sentient\" target=\"_blank\">Google fires software engineer who claims AI chatbot is sentient | Google | The Guardian<\/a> (Theguardian)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nc\/article\/2024\/1\/niae013\/7644104?\" target=\"_blank\">Folk psychological attributions of consciousness to large language models | Neuroscience of Consciousness | Oxford Academic<\/a> (Academic.oup)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chatbots are not artificial intelligence \u2014 while a tool such as ChatGPT technically uses AI techniques like natural language processing (NLP) to function, it cannot be considered a complete AI solution for a simple reason: it doesn&#8217;t think. Today&#8217;s large language models (LLMs) are adept at predicting responses to user inputs in a convincing way, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":286576,"featured_media":316468,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[605],"tags":[],"category_partsoff":[],"class_list":["post-316453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software-bots"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.2 (Yoast SEO v24.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>We Should Stop Pretending that Chatbots Are Artificial Intelligence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"With the help of experts, Techopedia explains why we should stop pretending that chatbots are artificial 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