{"id":188227,"date":"2024-02-21T18:21:14","date_gmt":"2024-02-21T18:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/?post_type=definition&p=188227"},"modified":"2024-02-21T18:21:14","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T18:21:14","slug":"e-commerce","status":"publish","type":"definition","link":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/ecommerce","title":{"rendered":"E-Commerce"},"content":{"rendered":"
As the world has become increasingly digitalized, e-commerce has become central to modern business, revolutionizing the way goods and services are bought and sold by leveraging the Internet as a sales platform.<\/p>\n
Global e-commerce sales are forecast to climb by 9.4% in 2024 to $6.3 trillion \u2013 accounting for more than 20% of total retail sales, according to eMarketer<\/a>. This could rise to more than $8 trillion by 2028, with a 23% share of retail sales.<\/p>\n This article provides an e-commerce definition, exploring its meaning, workings, types, and its future outlook.<\/p>\n E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. It encompasses a wide range of transactions, from online retail stores and auctions to business-to-business (B2B) sales and online ticketing systems.<\/p>\n E-commerce allows individuals and businesses to complete purchases and sales electronically, without the need for physical interaction between buyers and sellers.<\/p>\n It has changed the way businesses operate and consumers shop, offering convenience, accessibility, and a global reach \u2013 helping to expand commerce beyond the bounds of traditional brick-and-mortar retail methods.<\/p>\n While the concept of buying and selling goods remotely dates back to the early days of mail-order catalogs and telephone orders, the true evolution of e-commerce as we know it today began in the late 20th century.<\/p>\n The 1960s saw the emergence of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), which allowed businesses to exchange documents and conduct transactions electronically. This laid the groundwork for the digital exchange of goods and services, albeit in a limited capacity.<\/p>\n However, it was not until the advent of the Internet in the 1990s that e-commerce truly took off. With the introduction of secure online payment systems and the development of user-friendly web interfaces, businesses began to explore the potential of selling their products and services online.<\/p>\n Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, e-commerce continued to grow rapidly, driven by the proliferation of Internet access and advancements in technology. Online marketplaces such as Amazon and eBay emerged as major players in the e-commerce landscape, offering consumers a wide variety of products and services from multiple sellers.<\/p>\n The introduction of mobile devices further fueled the growth of e-commerce, allowing consumers to shop on the go through mobile apps and responsive websites. The rise of social media platforms has also played a significant role, enabling businesses to reach and engage with customers in new ways.<\/p>\n E-commerce has continued to evolve in recent years, with innovations such as same-day delivery, drone delivery, and voice-activated shopping reshaping the way consumers shop online. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift towards e-commerce, as lockdowns and social distancing measures prompted more consumers to turn to online shopping for their everyday needs.<\/p>\n E-commerce operates through websites and mobile apps that facilitate transactions between buyers and sellers. It involves the interaction of various processes such as product browsing, selection, payment, and delivery, supported by secure payment gateways and logistics services.<\/p>\n B2C e-commerce is perhaps the most familiar type, involving transactions between businesses and individual consumers. Businesses sell products or services directly to consumers through online stores, websites, or mobile apps \u2013 for instance online retail giants like Amazon, Walmart, and Target.<\/p>\n This model emphasizes customer engagement, personalized shopping experiences, and efficient order fulfillment to meet the needs and preferences of individual consumers.<\/p>\n B2B e-commerce focuses on transactions between businesses, where one business sells products or services to another for resale, internal use, or production purposes. B2B e-commerce platforms cater to wholesalers, manufacturers, distributors, and other enterprises looking to streamline procurement processes, manage supply chains, and foster partnerships with suppliers and vendors.<\/p>\n Examples include Alibaba, ThomasNet, and Global Sources, which connect businesses worldwide to facilitate bulk purchases and wholesale transactions.<\/p>\n D2C has emerged as a disruptive business model in e-commerce, allowing brands to bypass traditional retail channels and sell directly to customers through their own online platforms.<\/p>\n D2C brands have full control over their product offerings, pricing, marketing strategies, and customer relationships, enabling them to deliver personalized experiences and build brand loyalty. By eliminating intermediaries and wholesalers, D2C brands can offer competitive pricing, higher quality products, and greater transparency in sourcing and manufacturing processes.<\/p>\n Moreover, D2C allows brands to collect valuable data insights directly from consumers, enabling them to tailor products, marketing campaigns, and customer experiences to meet evolving needs and preferences.<\/p>\n C2C e-commerce enables individuals to buy and sell goods or services directly to other consumers through online marketplaces, classified ads, or peer-to-peer platforms.<\/p>\n This model fosters a decentralized marketplace where individuals can trade pre-owned items, handmade goods, or digital products without the need for intermediaries. Platforms like eBay, Craigslist, and Etsy exemplify C2C e-commerce, empowering users to engage in buying, selling, and auctioning goods within a global community of online buyers and sellers.<\/p>\n C2B e-commerce reverses the traditional buyer-seller dynamic by allowing individual consumers to offer products or services to businesses.<\/p>\n Consumers act as suppliers, freelancers, or content creators, providing goods, services, or expertise to businesses in exchange for compensation. C2B e-commerce platforms, such as Upwork, Fiverr, and Airbnb, connect individuals with businesses seeking freelance talent, creative services, or collaborative opportunities.<\/p>\n M-commerce, refers to e-commerce transactions conducted through mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. This model capitalizes on the ubiquity of mobile technology and the convenience of on-the-go shopping, allowing consumers to browse, shop, and make purchases anytime, anywhere.<\/p>\n M-commerce platforms offer responsive websites, mobile apps, and mobile-friendly payment options optimized for smaller screens and touch interfaces. Examples include mobile banking apps, food delivery services like Uber Eats, and retail apps like Amazon Mobile, which enable seamless shopping experiences on mobile devices.<\/p>\n There are several different revenue models an e-commerce business can use to generate revenue.<\/p>\n These models include:<\/p>\nTechopedia Explains the Meaning of E-Commerce<\/span><\/h3>\n
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History of E-Commerce<\/span><\/h2>\n
How E-Commerce Works<\/span><\/h2>\n
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Types of E-Commerce<\/span><\/h2>\n
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Business-to-Consumer (B2C)<\/h3>\n
Business-to-Business (B2B)<\/h3>\n
Direct to Consumer (D2C)<\/h3>\n
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)<\/h3>\n
Consumer-to-Business (C2B)<\/h3>\n
Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce)<\/h3>\n
E-Commerce Revenue Models<\/span><\/h2>\n