{"id":25393,"date":"2024-05-09T07:20:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T07:20:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/?p=25393"},"modified":"2024-05-09T07:22:49","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T07:22:49","slug":"futuro-ethereum-vitalik-buterin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/futuro-ethereum","title":{"rendered":"El futuro de Ethereum: Vitalik Buterin mira hacia la consagraci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vitalik Buterin, cofundador de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/ethereum\">Ethereum<\/a>, ha dado pistas a los lectores sobre el futuro de Ethereum en una entrada de su blog en la que sopesa los pros y los contras que la &#8220;consagraci\u00f3n&#8221; aporta al <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/protocolo-crypto\">protocolo<\/a> de capa uno (L1).<\/p>\n<p>Pero, \u00bfqu\u00e9 significa &#8220;consagraci\u00f3n&#8221; y c\u00f3mo afectar\u00e1 a la hoja de ruta de Ethereum? Averig\u00fc\u00e9moslo.<\/p>\n<p><span><div>\n    <section class=\"toc-sticky w-100 bg-white \">\n        <div class=\"toc-sticky__container container\">\n            <div class=\"toc-sticky__open d-flex align-items-end\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                 aria-controls=\"multiCollapse1\"\n                 data-bs-target=\"#multiCollapse1\">\n                <button\n                        class=\"btn btn-primary collapse-action-btn p-1 rounded-circle\"\n                        type=\"button\"\n                >\n                    <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <span id=\"toc-current-title\" class=\"d-flex align-items-center\">\n                    Resumen\n                <\/span>\n                <span class=\"toc-main-title-permanent\">Resumen<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div\n                    class=\"collapse my-3\"\n                    id=\"multiCollapse1\"\n            >\n                <ol class=\"StepProgress\">\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item current\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"que_significa_enshrining\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"que_significa_enshrining\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 significa \"enshrining\"?<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"el_futuro_de_ethereum_filosofia_de_consagracion_minima\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"el_futuro_de_ethereum_filosofia_de_consagracion_minima\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">El futuro de Ethereum: Filosof\u00eda de consagraci\u00f3n m\u00ednima<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"buterin_considera_consagrar_erc-4337\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"buterin_considera_consagrar_erc-4337\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Buterin considera consagrar ERC-4337<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"la_separacion_proponente-constructor_pbs_consagrada_ayuda_a_resolver_los_riesgos_de_centralizacion_de_ethereum\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"la_separacion_proponente-constructor_pbs_consagrada_ayuda_a_resolver_los_riesgos_de_centralizacion_de_ethereum\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">La Separaci\u00f3n Proponente-Constructor (PBS) consagrada ayuda a resolver los riesgos de centralizaci\u00f3n de Ethereum<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"buterin_predica_el_termino_medio\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"buterin_predica_el_termino_medio\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Buterin predica el t\u00e9rmino medio<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"guia_de_buterin_cuando_consagrar_y_cuando_no\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"guia_de_buterin_cuando_consagrar_y_cuando_no\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Gu\u00eda de Buterin: Cu\u00e1ndo consagrar y cu\u00e1ndo no<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                                                        <li class=\"StepProgress-item\">\n                                                <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                            <a data-id=\"lo_esencial\"\n                               onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"lo_esencial\")\n                               class=\"StepProgress-item__link\" data-level=\"2\">Lo esencial<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div class=\"toc-sticky__container__disperse\"><\/div>\n                <div class=\"toc-sticky__btn-top justify-content-center\">\n                    <button class=\"btn btn-link d-flex align-items-center\" onclick={btnTop()}><p>Ver m\u00e1s<\/p><img decoding=\"async\"\n                                src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/table-of-contents\/assets\/images\/arrow-up-circle.svg\"\n                                alt=\"arrow-up-circle\">\n                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n    <div class=\"toc-sticky-list\">\n        <div class=\"toc-sticky__container container\">\n            <div class=\"toc-sticky__open d-flex align-items-end\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" aria-controls=\"multiCollapse2\" data-bs-target=\"#multiCollapse2\">\n                <button class=\"btn btn-primary collapse-action-btn p-1 rounded-circle\"\n                        type=\"button\">\n                    <i class=\"icon-chevron-up up\"><\/i>\n                <\/button>\n                <span id=\"toc-current-title\" class=\"d-flex align-items-center\">\n                    Resumen\n                <\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div  class=\"collapse my-3\" id=\"multiCollapse2\">\n                <ol class=\"StepProgress\">\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item current \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"que_significa_enshrining\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"que_significa_enshrining\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 significa \"enshrining\"?<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"el_futuro_de_ethereum_filosofia_de_consagracion_minima\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"el_futuro_de_ethereum_filosofia_de_consagracion_minima\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">El futuro de Ethereum: Filosof\u00eda de consagraci\u00f3n m\u00ednima<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t                                                     <li class=\"StepProgress-item \">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"buterin_considera_consagrar_erc-4337\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"buterin_considera_consagrar_erc-4337\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">Buterin considera consagrar ERC-4337<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <span class=\"show_moretoc\">Ver m\u00e1s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t                                                      <li class=\"StepProgress-item ms_hidetoc\">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"la_separacion_proponente-constructor_pbs_consagrada_ayuda_a_resolver_los_riesgos_de_centralizacion_de_ethereum\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"la_separacion_proponente-constructor_pbs_consagrada_ayuda_a_resolver_los_riesgos_de_centralizacion_de_ethereum\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">La Separaci\u00f3n Proponente-Constructor (PBS) consagrada ayuda a resolver los riesgos de centralizaci\u00f3n de Ethereum<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t                                                      <li class=\"StepProgress-item ms_hidetoc\">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"buterin_predica_el_termino_medio\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"buterin_predica_el_termino_medio\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">Buterin predica el t\u00e9rmino medio<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t                                                      <li class=\"StepProgress-item ms_hidetoc\">\n                                                    <div class=\"StepProgress-item__group\">\n                                <a data-id=\"guia_de_buterin_cuando_consagrar_y_cuando_no\"\n                                   onclick=handleScrollToTitle(\"guia_de_buterin_cuando_consagrar_y_cuando_no\")\n                                   class=\"StepProgress-item__link\"\n                                   data-level=\"2\">Gu\u00eda de Buterin: Cu\u00e1ndo consagrar y cu\u00e1ndo no<\/a>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t                                                      <li 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pageLegend.classList.remove('overflow-auto');\n        pageLegend.style.height = 'auto';\n        window.scrollTo({\n            top: 0,\n            behavior: 'smooth'\n        });\n    }\n\n    const handleScrollToTitle = (id) => {\n        const el = document.getElementById(id);\n        const headerHeightDifference = window.innerWidth < 992 ? -30 : -15;\n        window.scrollTo({\n            top: el.offsetTop - 60 - headerHeightDifference - 10,\n        });\n    }\n<\/script>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"que_significa_enshrining\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 significa &#8220;enshrining&#8221;?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La consagraci\u00f3n se refiere a la <strong>implementaci\u00f3n nativa de la l\u00f3gica de una funci\u00f3n en el c\u00f3digo central de un protocolo L1<\/strong>. Las nuevas funciones consagradas se convierten en &#8220;funciones de protocolo&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>En una <a href=\"https:\/\/vitalik.eth.limo\/general\/2023\/09\/30\/enshrinement.html\" target=\"_blank\">entrada de blog<\/a> publicada el 30 de septiembre de 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/vitalik-buterin\">Buterin<\/a> habl\u00f3 sobre la &#8220;filosof\u00eda de consagraci\u00f3n m\u00ednima&#8221; original de Ethereum. Esta filosof\u00eda tiene como objetivo mantener la capa base Ethereum L1 &#8220;tan simple como sea posible&#8221; mientras se apoya en soluciones fuera de la cadena como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/capa-2-blockchain\">rollups<\/a> para funcionalidades adicionales y nuevas caracter\u00edsticas.<\/p>\n<p>Buterin cree ahora que puede estar justificado un ligero ajuste en la filosof\u00eda de la consagraci\u00f3n m\u00ednima. Hablemos de la filosof\u00eda de consagraci\u00f3n m\u00ednima y de los pros y los contras de la consagraci\u00f3n en detalle a continuaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"el_futuro_de_ethereum_filosofia_de_consagracion_minima\">El futuro de Ethereum: Filosof\u00eda de consagraci\u00f3n m\u00ednima<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Los desarrolladores del n\u00facleo de Ethereum siempre han tratado de mantener las cosas limpias, simples y seguras en la capa base. La responsabilidad de construir nuevas caracter\u00edsticas sobre el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/protocolo\">protocolo<\/a> reca\u00eda en el resto de la comunidad.<\/p>\n<p>En palabras de Buterin, Ethereum se cre\u00f3 para <strong>&#8220;ser simplemente una m\u00e1quina virtual, y verificar un bloque ser\u00eda una sola llamada a la m\u00e1quina virtual&#8221;<\/strong>. Entre las principales ventajas de este enfoque estaba que un hard fork pod\u00eda describirse f\u00e1cilmente como una \u00fanica transacci\u00f3n al contrato del procesador de bloques. Otras ventajas de una estructura minimalista son la flexibilidad para satisfacer las distintas necesidades de los usuarios y evitar la sobrecarga del software.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, con el tiempo, la comunidad se est\u00e1 dando cuenta de que consagrar caracter\u00edsticas puede permitir que el futuro de Ethereum vea mejoras como tarifas de gas m\u00e1s bajas, mejor seguridad y menores riesgos de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/descentralizacion\">centralizaci\u00f3n<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"buterin_considera_consagrar_erc-4337\">Buterin considera consagrar ERC-4337<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>En 2023, hemos o\u00eddo hablar de una caracter\u00edstica de Ethereum llamada abstracci\u00f3n de cuenta o ERC-4337. La abstracci\u00f3n de cuentas aporta nuevas funcionalidades, como las carteras de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/contrato-inteligente\">contratos inteligentes<\/a> y el pago de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/gas-fee-ethereum\">tarifas de gas<\/a> Ethereum en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/erc-20\">tokens ERC-20<\/a> a los usuarios de Ethereum. Se espera que estas funciones de f\u00e1cil uso favorezcan la adopci\u00f3n de criptomonedas y monederos.<\/p>\n<p>La abstracci\u00f3n de cuenta vio m\u00faltiples revisiones a lo largo de los a\u00f1os. <strong>Evolucion\u00f3 desde una propuesta de mejora de Ethereum llamada EIP-86 hasta su forma final, ERC-4337.<\/strong> Como ERC, la abstracci\u00f3n de cuenta no requiere un hard fork y t\u00e9cnicamente existe &#8220;fuera del protocolo Ethereum&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Ahora, Buterin ve el m\u00e9rito de consagrar algunas partes de ERC-4337. Como parte del protocolo L1, los usuarios ver\u00e1n tarifas de gas m\u00e1s bajas cuando utilicen las funciones de abstracci\u00f3n de cuenta consagradas debido a los menores costes de almacenamiento. Buterin a\u00f1adi\u00f3 que la consagraci\u00f3n de ERC-4337 sustituir\u00e1 su contrato de punto de entrada -una vulnerabilidad que los atacantes podr\u00edan aprovechar para robar fondos- por una funcionalidad dentro del protocolo.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"la_separacion_proponente-constructor_pbs_consagrada_ayuda_a_resolver_los_riesgos_de_centralizacion_de_ethereum\">La Separaci\u00f3n Proponente-Constructor (PBS) consagrada ayuda a resolver los riesgos de centralizaci\u00f3n de Ethereum<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La Separaci\u00f3n Proponente-Constructor (PBS) consagrada es un buen ejemplo de c\u00f3mo la consagraci\u00f3n <strong>promueve la descentralizaci\u00f3n y crea un sistema sin confianza.<\/strong> Hablemos primero de lo b\u00e1sico.<\/p>\n<p>Los proponentes son validadores que venden sus derechos de producci\u00f3n de bloques a jugadores conocidos como constructores, especializados en extraer el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/es\/definicion\/valor-maximo-extraible\">m\u00e1ximo valor extra\u00edble (MEV<\/a> ) de un bloque. El proponente gana recompensas MEV en el proceso, mientras que el constructor de bloques se queda con una parte de las recompensas MEV para s\u00ed mismo.<\/p>\n<p>Actualmente, <strong>los validadores utilizan una soluci\u00f3n de terceros de Flashbots llamada mev-boost <\/strong>para acceder a un mercado de constructores. La soluci\u00f3n es tan popular que representa el 90% de los bloques Ethereum producidos.<\/p>\n<p>Para liberar al protocolo de la centralizaci\u00f3n de mev-boost, se aboga por un PBS consagrado, que implementar\u00e1 el PBS en la capa de consenso del protocolo Ethereum. Un mercado de constructores dentro del protocolo librar\u00e1 a la red de las partes centralizadas llamadas rel\u00e9s que act\u00faan como subastadores en el mercado mev-boost.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"buterin_predica_el_termino_medio\">Buterin predica el t\u00e9rmino medio<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Buterin adopta un enfoque flexible respecto a la consagraci\u00f3n.<strong> Sigue siendo partidario de consagrar mempools privados para ayudar a los usuarios a mitigar problemas como el frontrunning.<\/strong> Al igual que mev-boost, las soluciones de mempools privados s\u00f3lo las ofrecen proveedores externos, lo que ha suscitado dudas sobre la centralizaci\u00f3n y la confianza.<\/p>\n<p>Aunque un mempool privado consagrado podr\u00eda resolver este problema, Buterin adopt\u00f3 un enfoque pragm\u00e1tico y dijo: &#8220;consagrar el antifrontrunning en la capa 1 parece una propuesta dif\u00edcil, al menos hasta que se perfeccione el cifrado de retardo o haya alg\u00fan otro avance tecnol\u00f3gico.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>He aqu\u00ed algunas lecciones que Buterin comparti\u00f3 en su entrada del blog:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consagrar funciones puede ayudar a evitar riesgos de centralizaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n<li>Es mejor evitar consagrar caracter\u00edsticas si debilita el modelo de confianza de Ethereum y hace que Ethereum sea m\u00e1s &#8220;subjetivo&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Consagrar demasiado puede complicar demasiado el protocolo.<\/li>\n<li>La consagraci\u00f3n puede ser contraproducente a largo plazo si las funciones consagradas no son utilizadas por tantos usuarios como se esperaba.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"guia_de_buterin_cuando_consagrar_y_cuando_no\">Gu\u00eda de Buterin: Cu\u00e1ndo consagrar y cu\u00e1ndo no<\/span><\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Abstracto m\u00e1s para\/cuando<\/th>\n<th>Consagrar m\u00e1s a:<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Evitar sobrecargar la confianza en el protocolo y la carga de gobernanza<\/td>\n<td>Lidiar con costos fijos elevados<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Apoyar diversas necesidades de los usuarios<\/td>\n<td>Fortalecer las caracter\u00edsticas de empoderamiento del protocolo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Incertidumbre sobre las necesidades futuras<\/td>\n<td>Reducir el riesgo de errores de c\u00f3digo para el usuario<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reducir la complejidad del protocolo<\/td>\n<td>Evitar riesgos de centralizaci\u00f3n a un nivel m\u00e1s alto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span id=\"lo_esencial\">Lo esencial<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Aunque el plan original de Ethereum puede haber sido ir a lo seguro, el blog de Buterin indica que el futuro de Ethereum no est\u00e1 grabado en piedra.<\/p>\n<p>Buterin ha mostrado una inclinaci\u00f3n a consagrar caracter\u00edsticas en instancias favorables. Lleg\u00f3 a la conclusi\u00f3n de que <strong>las cadenas de bloques son &#8220;sistemas sociales&#8221; que tienen razones para consagrar ciertas caracter\u00edsticas.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Para leer el art\u00edculo completo de Buterin, <a href=\"https:\/\/vitalik.eth.limo\/general\/2023\/09\/30\/enshrinement.html\" target=\"_blank\">visite su blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vitalik Buterin, cofundador de Ethereum, ha dado pistas a los lectores sobre el futuro de Ethereum en una entrada de su blog en la que sopesa los pros y los contras que la &#8220;consagraci\u00f3n&#8221; aporta al protocolo de capa uno (L1). Pero, \u00bfqu\u00e9 significa &#8220;consagraci\u00f3n&#8221; y c\u00f3mo afectar\u00e1 a la hoja de ruta de Ethereum? [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":286557,"featured_media":25417,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blockchain"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.2 (Yoast SEO v24.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el futuro de Ethereum? 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